One way to approach this question is to compare how tones and tone-relationships are used to express emotion in different musical traditions. It is unclear whether the basis for these associations is intrinsic to tonal perception or the result of exposure to Western music. In Western music, this phenomenon is evident in the association of the major mode with positive or excited emotion, and the minor mode with negative or subdued emotion –. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.ĭifferent sets of tones and tone-relationships are used to convey particular emotions in a variety of musical cultures –.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.įunding: This work was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation and a block grant to DP from Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School. Received: SeptemAccepted: JanuPublished: March 14, 2012Ĭopyright: © 2012 Bowling et al. PLoS ONE 7(3):Įditor: Olaf Sporns, Indiana University, United States of America Citation: Bowling DL, Sundararajan J, Han S, Purves D (2012) Expression of Emotion in Eastern and Western Music Mirrors Vocalization.

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